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240 To Mark Steel Tools
Clean well from grease, and then
spread a thin coat of beeswax or
parafine on it, at the place where
the name is to be. This must be as
thin as possable. Then with a
sharp needle point, write through
the wax to the steel. Paint this
over with a mixture of nitric and
muriatic acid, in the proportion of
6 to one, and when bubbles cease to
rise, the work is done. Wash in
strong soda water. August 7 1886
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Cement, Metal to glass
Finely powdered litharge, fine dry
white sand, and plaster of Paris,
Each 3 parts by measure, finely
pulverized rosin 1 part. Mix and
make into a paste, with boiled
linseed oil, to which a little dries
has been added, and let it stand
4 hours before useing. After 15 hours
standing it loses strength. July 3 1886
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"Citrate of Magnesia"
Calcined Magnesia (Mag. [Magnesium] Oxide) 1 1/4 pounds
(or carbonate 2 pounds) powdered Tartaric
Acid 1 1/2 pound, bicarbonate of soda 1 pound
dry Each by a gentle heat, then mix, pass
through a fine seive in a warm dry room
and keep in well bottles. Add a few drops
Essence lemon & [and] 3 pounds powdered sugar, and a little
more bicarbonate of soda before corking. July 3 1886 [Scientific American]
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"Nature as a Teacher" 241
The Burr stones of our Mills are a
copy of molar teeth. The hoofs of a
horse are made of parallel plates like
a carriage spring. The finest file made
by man is a rough affair when compared
with a Dutch Rush used by cabinet
makers. The jaws of the turtle and tortoise
are naturel scissors. Rodents have
chisel teeth and hippopotumus have adse
teeth, which are constantly repaired as they
are worn out. The carpenters plane is
anticipeted by the jaws of a bee. The
woodpecker has a powerfull little hammer.
The diving bell only imitates the work
of the water spider. This insect
although as Easily drowned as any other,
spends a great part of its life under
the water. Having constructed a small
cell under the water, it clasps a
bubble of air between its last pair of
legs, and dives down to the Entrance
of its cell, into which the bubble is put.
A proportionate amount of water is
thus displaced, and when all of it
is Expelled, the little animal takes
up its abobe [abode] in this subaqueous retreat.
In laying its Eggs on
the water, the gnat combines them
in a mass shaped somewhat like a
life boat. It is impossable to sink it
without tearing it to pieces. The
iron mast of a wooden ship, is
strengthened by deep ribs running
along its interior. A porcupine quill
is strenthened by similar ribs.
When Engineers found that hollow
beams were stronger than solid
ones, they only discovered a principal
which had been used in nature for
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