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192 "Sail versus Steam"
Shipping men are beginning to
discover that for certain classes
of trade in which time is not a
very material Element, the sail is
more Economical than the Steam
Engine; the price of fuel is telling
too, against the latter. Then again
the differance in cost of construction
between steamer and sailing vessel
when compared with the amount
of saving in time in average
voyaging of the ordinary Steam
tramper over the sailer, inclines
in favor of the latter.
The Steam tramp it will be found
will not average much above 10
Knots, under favorable conditions,
to push her at higher speed would
largely increase her sailing Expenses,
while against heavy head Seas she
Sail will not do so well by two or three
versus Knots. The smart sailor on the
Steam other hand, though falling far
short of this figure with winds
heading her off is good for much
more than 10 knots under favorable
conditions of wind and sea.
With the old time Clipper ships
16 Knots an hour, and Even more
than that, was not unusual
with favorable gales over thier
counters. The Clipper ship "Great
Republic" built by Donald McKay
when Employed as a transport
for French troops in the Crimean
War, to the surprise of all led
off in ordinary weather the steam
vessels of the fleet that were
to have taken her in tow.
In 1851 the "Flying Cloud"
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Sail "versus" Steam 193
made the passage from New York to
San Francisco, her track computed
at 17,000 Miles in 89 days 21 hours.
Her greatest distance any one day from
noon to noon was 374 Knots or 433 1/4
statute miles, which allowing for
differance in longitude, was made
in 24 hours 19 minutes 14 seconds or at
the rate of 17.77 per hour. In 1853
the "Comet" reached New York from
San Francisco in 83 days, and the
"Sovereign of the Seas" from the Sandwich
Islands in 82 days. The greatest
distance made by the latter from noon
to noon on any day (in this case 23
Sail versus hours 2 min 4 sec) was 352 Knots
Steam (419 Miles) or at the rate of 17.88 per hour.
As to the number of men required to
work a full rigged ship (Steam
Winches being Employed) it is not so
great, in her tonnage is compared,
as is necessary to a steamer, namely
deck hands, stokers, and Engine room
crew; and when we consider the
type Known as the "tern" (or 3 masted
schooner) the saving in wages is
very marked, for, with the use of
the steam winch for heavy hauling
a crew of 6 or 7 men can work a
craft of 1200 tons.
"Scientific" [Scientific American] January 2, 1892
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Fiber Machines
"Fiber" used for brushes and ropes is
Fiber grown in the Bahamaas and made
Machines from the leaf of the "Sisal or Pita"
plant, stripped by machinery
January 2 1892
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