Early British Columbia Maps
User Collection Public
These maps, from the National Archives of the UK, primarily span the dates 1846-1876 and show the development of the territory from the two founding colonies until after the Province joined confederation. A few earlier maps were collected by the Colonial Office in response to the San Juan dispute and these are also included.
Permalink: http://vault.library.uvic.ca/collections/667ca6ed-c872-4162-9a5f-7180ad5a1b65
Collection Details
- Items 248
- Last Updated 2025-02-21
Parent Collections (1)
Works (248)
231. Plans of Coast Batteries for the Defence of Victoria, Vancouver Island, B.C. [5]
- Title:
- Plans of Coast Batteries for the Defence of Victoria, Vancouver Island, B.C. [5]
- Description:
- Canada: British Columbia: Vancouver Island. Plans and sections of a barbette battery on Brothers Island. Scale: 1 inch to 10 feet. Copied from an original designed, constructed and drawn by Lieutenant Colonel D T Irwin, Inspector of Artillery, Dominion of Canada. [Victoria, c. 1879]
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: Victoria, 1879
- Subject:
- Military architecture and Coast defenses
- Creator:
- Irwin, De la Cherois Thomas
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1879?
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 538
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- Barbette battery for 1 8-in and 2 64-PR RML guns on Brothers Island, Victoria B.C.
- Geographic Coverage:
- Canada and British Columbia--Esquimalt
- Coordinates:
- 48 25'27"N / 123 25'55"W
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1879
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:120
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: WO78-2311 (5)
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by CDW, April 28, 2010
232. Plans of Coast Batteries for the Defence of Victoria, Vancouver Island, B.C. [6]
- Title:
- Plans of Coast Batteries for the Defence of Victoria, Vancouver Island, B.C. [6]
- Description:
- Canada: British Columbia: Vancouver Island. Map of Victoria and Esquimalt harbours, showing defences with their fields and ranges of fire. Reference table to ordnance; notes on ranges, heights, etc. Scale: 1 inch to about 340 yards. Compass indicator. Copied from an original drawn by Lieutenant Colonel D T Irwin, Inspector of Artillery, Dominion of Canada. [Victoria and Esquimalt, c. 1879]
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: Victoria and Esquimalt, 1879
- Subject:
- Coast defenses
- Creator:
- Irwin, De la Cherois Thomas
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1879?
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 586
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- Esquimalt and Victoria Harbours, Vancouver Island
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia--Victoria and British Columbia--Esquimalt
- Coordinates:
- 48.43569, -123.41174 and 48.4359, -123.35155
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1879
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:12,160
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: WO78-2311 (6)
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Transcript:
- ...Ranges of Guns shewn by arcs of 2000 yards radius colored Red and numbered for each piece of Ordnance... (Signed) D. T. Irwin, Lieut. Col., Capt. R.A. & Inspector of Artillery.
- Technical Note:
- Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by CDW, April 30, 2010 and 600 dpi jpg
233. Nass Bay
- Title:
- Nass Bay
- Description:
- Maps accompanying the Report by Colonel D. R. Cameron, R.E., on the British-Alaska Boundary. Author, Publisher, &c.: Official, London. [Nass Bay, 1868; 1872]. Engraved by Davis, Bryer & Co. At head of title: North America, west coast. British Columbia. Surveyed by Staff Comr. D. Pender. Assisted by Nav. Lieuts. J.E. Coghlan & G.S. Brodie, R.N. Inset map: Sketch of the Nass river upon a smaller scale. Relief shown in spot heights and hachures. Soundings in fathoms.
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: Nass Bay, 1868, 1872
- Subject:
- Boundaries and Nautical charts
- Creator:
- Pender, Daniel R.
- Contributor:
- Richards, G. H. (George Henry), Cameron, Donald Roderick, 1834-1905, Davies, Bryer & Co., Coghlan, James Edward, and Brodie, G. S.
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Hydrographic Office.
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1886
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 534
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- North America, west coast. British Columbia. Nass Bay
- Geographic Coverage:
- Canada, British Columbia, Nass River--British Columbia, and Alaska
- Coordinates:
- 64.00028, -150.00028, 53.99983, -125.0032, 54.96628, -129.91608, and 60.10867, -113.64258
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1868/1872
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:24,350
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-CANADA144 (17)
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 28, 2010.
234. Observatory Inlet, from the Admiralty survey of 1868
- Title:
- Observatory Inlet, from the Admiralty survey of 1868
- Description:
- Maps accompanying the Report by Colonel D. R. Cameron, R.E., on the British-Alaska Boundary. Author, Publisher, &c.: Official, London. [Observatory Inlet, 1868; 1886]. Scale .9845 inches to 1 nautical mile of 6068 feet. At head of title: No. XI. N.W. America. British Columbia. soundings in fathoms. Relief shown with spot heights and hachures. Manuscript note: "True copy [signed] Daniel Pender, Staff Commander of the survey."
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: Observatory Inlet, 1868, 1886
- Subject:
- Boundaries and Nautical charts
- Creator:
- Pender, Daniel R.
- Contributor:
- Cameron, Donald Roderick, 1834-1905
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Hydrographic Office.
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1886
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 543
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Geographic Coverage:
- Canada, Alaska, British Columbia, and Pacific Ocean--Observatory Inlet
- Coordinates:
- 60.10867, -113.64258, 64.00028, -150.00028, 53.99983, -125.0032, and 55.24253, -129.83986
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1868
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:74,011
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-CANADA144 (24)
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 28, 2010.
235. Plan of the City of Vancouver, Western Terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway
- Title:
- Plan of the City of Vancouver, Western Terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway
- Description:
- Plan of the City of Vancouver, Western Terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Published by Rand Brothers, Vancouver, B.C. [Vancouver, 1887]. Printed by Bemrose & Sons, London and Derby. Shows First Nations reserves ; mills and other industries on waterfront and both sides of False Creek, and public parks. Inset map: Index plan of Vancouver B.C. Terminus C.P.R.
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: Vancouver, 1887
- Subject:
- Canadian Pacific Railway Company, Industries, and City planning
- Contributor:
- Bemrose & Sons
- Publisher:
- Rand Brothers.
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1887
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 554
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- Vancouver, British Columbia, 1887
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia--Vancouver
- Coordinates:
- 49.24966, -123.11934
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1887
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-BRITISH COLUMBIA17
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 26, 2010.
236. Map of the New Westminster District, British Columbia (1889)
- Title:
- Map of the New Westminster District, British Columbia (1889)
- Description:
- Map of the New Westminster District, British Columbia. Published by the Department of the Interior, Technical Branch. Revised to 1st October, 1889. About 2 miles to 1 inch. [New Westminster, 1889]. [Printed at] Dominion Lands Lithographic Office. Part of the Dominion Land Survey. Map covers Lower Mainland to Harrison Lake. New Westminster District marked with 1 sq. mile sections, some with numbered lots. Shows trails, wagon roads etc.
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: New Westminster, 1889
- Subject:
- Dominion Land Survey
- Publisher:
- Canada. Dept. of the Interior. Technical Branch.
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1889
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 539
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- New Westminster District, British Columbia, 1889
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia, British Columbia--New Westminster, and British Columbia--Lower Mainland
- Coordinates:
- 49 30'N-49N/123 15'W-121 45'W, 49.08333, -122.35, 49.20678, -122.91092, and 53.99983, -125.0032
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1889
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:126,720
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-BRITISH COLUMBIA18
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 26, 2010.
237. Dominion of Canada. British Columbia, Athabasca and Alberta, with parts of Saskatchewan and Assiniboia
- Title:
- Dominion of Canada. British Columbia, Athabasca and Alberta, with parts of Saskatchewan and Assiniboia
- Description:
- Dominion of Canada. British Columbia, Athabasca and Alberta, with parts of Saskatchewan and Assiniboia. By William Shawe, F.R.G.S. About 48 miles to 1 inch. Author, Publisher, &c.: Philip, G., & Son, London. [British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, c. 1890]. Shows First Nations reserves.
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, 1890
- Subject:
- Indigenous peoples
- Creator:
- Shawe, William
- Publisher:
- George Philip & Son.
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1890?
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 443 and National Archives Number: CO700-BRITISH COLUMBIA20
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- British Columbia, Athabasca and Alberta, with parts of Saskatchewan and Assiniboia
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Alberta--Athabasca, and Canada--Assiniboia, District of
- Coordinates:
- 52.28333, -117.469, 49.63336, -105.98446, 54.0001, -106.00099, 53.99983, -125.0032, and 54.71687, -113.28537
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1890~
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:3,041,280
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 26, 2010.
238. Map of the Province of British Columbia (1893)
- Title:
- Map of the Province of British Columbia (1893)
- Description:
- Map of the Province of British Columbia. Compiled by J. H. Brownlee, D.L.S., from the latest Maps and Surveys and all reliable sources of information to date. By direction of the Honourable F.G. Vernon, Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works. Victoria, 1893. About 33 miles to 1 inch. [British Columbia, 1893]. Lithographed by the Canada Bank Note Company Limited, Montreal. Shows part of Athabasca, western Alberta, Washington and Alaska. Notes on timber and topography; shows trails, roads etc. Reference key.
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: British Columbia, 1893
- Creator:
- Brownlee, James Harrison
- Contributor:
- Vernon, Forbes George
- Publisher:
- British Columbia. Dept. of Lands and Works.
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1893
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 444
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- British Columbia, 1893
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia
- Coordinates:
- 60 40'N-47 20'N/142W-111W
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1892/1893
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:2,090,880
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-BRITISH COLUMBIA21
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 27, 2010.
239. Sketch Map of the Province of British Columbia, showing mining divisions (1901)
- Title:
- Sketch Map of the Province of British Columbia, showing mining divisions (1901)
- Description:
- Sketch Map of the Province of British Columbia, showing Mining Divisions. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1901. 40 miles to 1 inch. [British Columbia, 1901]. Coloured. Engraved by Poole Bros., Chicago.
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: British Columbia, 1901
- Subject:
- Mineral industries
- Creator:
- British Columbia. Department of Mines
- Contributor:
- Poole Brothers
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1901
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 448
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- British Columbia mining divisions 1901
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia
- Coordinates:
- 61 20'N-47 30'N/142 40'W-110 40'W
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1901
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:2,534,400
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-BRITISH COLUMBIA24
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 27, 2010.
240. Esquimalt Harbour
- Title:
- Esquimalt Harbour
- Description:
- Vancouver Island. Esquimalt Harbour. Surveyed by Captn. G.H. Richards and the Officers of H.M.S. ""Plumper,"" 1858. About 8 inches to 1 mile. Author, Publisher, &c.: Admiralty (No. 1897a) London. [Esquimalt, 1861; 1903]. At head of title: North America, west coast. Relief shown by bathymetry, soundings in feet, and hachures. Includes nautical features, streets, and footprints of significant buildings. First published 1861, updated and corrected. Latest date on map 1911. corr. 1903
- Keyword:
- Penfold Category: Esquimalt, 1861, 1903
- Subject:
- Nautical charts and Harbors
- Creator:
- Great Britain. Hydrographic Office
- Contributor:
- Richards, G. H. (George Henry) and Pemberton, J. Despard (Joseph Despard), 1821-1893
- Language:
- eng
- Date Created:
- 1903
- Rights Statement:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
- License:
- These images are provided under license by The National Archives of the UK and cannot be reproduced or copied without their permission. To purchase high-resolution tiff files of these maps for publication, contact: image-library@nationalarchives.gov.uk Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 5225. A scale of reproduction fees applies for commercial publication, exhibition display or TV broadcast. Details on request. Request should cite the National Archives Number. Infringement of the above condition may result in legal action. These images are provided for research only.
- Resource Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage
- Identifier:
- Penfold Number: 458
- Extent:
- 1 sheet
- Alternative Title:
- Vancouver Island. Esquimalt Harbour
- Geographic Coverage:
- British Columbia and British Columbia--Esquimalt
- Coordinates:
- 48.43569, -123.41174, 53.99983, -125.0032, and 48.43753, -123.44191
- Chronological Coverage:
- 1858/1911
- Additional Physical Characteristics:
- 1:7296
- Physical Repository:
- National Archives (Great Britain)
- Collection:
- Early BC Maps Collection
- Provenance:
- National Archives of the UK
- Provider:
- University of Victoria (B.C.). Library
- Sponsor:
- Funded by a Canadian Council of Archives, Archival Community Digitization Program.
- Genre:
- maps (documents) and historical maps
- Archival Item Identifier:
- National Archives Number: CO700-BRITISH COLUMBIA25
- Date Digitized:
- 2010-04-12
- Technical Note:
- 600 dpi jpg and Watermarks added to images by KM, JF, and CDW. Metadata by JTP April 27, 2010.