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- 31. Ming Zhong (active 1751-178�)
* Riding a Donkey Over Frosty Bridge; hang�ing scroll; ink on paper; 167 x 60 cm; mamg
Ming Zhong is his monk�s name. His real name was Shi Yanzhong. He was a poet, carved seals and lived in a temple near Hangzhou, where he painted landscapes, flowers and plants. An inter�esting aspect of the painting shown here is that the characters on the right side are in reverse and a mirror is needed to read them.
32. Tong Yu (1721-1782)
* Prunus Blossom and Moon; hanging scroll; ink on paper; 74.3 x 94 cm; Gift of A. W. Bahr;
MMFA
Tong Yu painted landscapes and flowers, but his plum blossoms are the most highly regarded. He was a poet, seal carver and collector of old bronze seals. He was a literati painter whose pictures are often of a very personal, contem�plative nature.
33. Pan Gongshou (1741-1794)
River and Sky Clearing After Snows; hanging scroll; ink and colour on paper; 70.5 x 29.9 cm; The Finlayson Collection
Pan Gongshou was a landscape painter in his youth. Later in life he lived in isolation from his contemporaries and was deeply devoted to the Buddhist religion. His solitary life was relieved only by his artistic endeavours. He was influenced by a number of painters of the past, notably the Ming painters � Wen Zhengming and Wen Jia for landscapes, and the early Qing painter � Yun Shouping for flowers.
34. Gu Jianlong (1606-c. 1687) [Attributed]
Detail of Metamorphoses of The Heavenly Spirits; handscroll; ink and colour on silk; 33x400 cm; J. P. E. Klaverwyden Bequest;
AGGV
Gu Jianlong was a court painter during the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1662-1722). He did not study nature directly but learned his skill by imitating the old masters and was praised by other great contemporary painters. He was a versatile artist who painted many subjects � Buddhist themes, figures, portraits, landscapes, architecture, animals, birds and fish.
35. Yuan Jiang (active c.1690-1724) [Attributed]
Wonderful View of Penglai in Autumn; hanging scroll; ink and colour on silk;
I52-5 x J59 cm; Fred and Isabel Pollard Collec�tion; AGGV
Yuan Jiang, a court painter during the Yong Zheng period (1723-1736), attempted to revive the careful drawing and manneristic style of old masters of the Northern Song dynasty, especially Guo Xi (c. 1020-1090). His landscapes, such as this one, were monumental in scale and suitable for the decoration of large halls. He was noted as a painter of architecture, and his structures are quite realistic and rendered in perspective, suggesting European influences which were be�coming more common in eighteenth-century Chinese painting.
36. Lang Shining, alias Guiseppe Castiglione (1688-1766) [Attributed]
* Ancestral Portrait; painting in oils Western style; 145 x 115.5 cm; George Crofts Collection;
ROM
Father Castiglione, an Italian Jesuit, went to China in 1715 and later became a painter and great favourite of three emperors at the Manchu court. He was an accomplished artist in Western style oil painting, but quickly realized the Chi�nese did not appreciate his art; so he learned to paint in their style with Chinese brush, ink and watercolours. The result was a magnificent blend of occidental naturalism and Chinese technique. His accurate proportions, perfect perspective and techniques of shading fascinated the Chinese, and he had many followers. The bust of the painting illustrated here might be an early example of his work.
37. Zhou Quan (active 1700)
Lotus; hanging scroll; ink on paper;
245.8 x 86.4 cm; rom
Zhou Quan�s life is not well documented. He painted all kinds of flowers and birds, but specialized in herons and the lotus. He received the nickname �Lotus Zhou.�
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