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304
TUNG. East
SI. West
HIO. Lower
Strang. Upper
HUANG. Yellow
Polish for Wood
For Planes, Cabinets Etc
Dissolve 60 parts of Gum
Mastic and 250 parts of
Shellac in 1000 parts of
Alcohol of 95 degrees.
To clalify [clarify] the solution
add 10 per cents of its volume
of Benzine, shake and
set aside to seperate,
then decant. Apply as
French polish
Scientific Jany [January] 30 1904
Cure for Intoxifcation
Cabbage Eaten Boiled
before drinking. All
the Egyptians used
it in olden times
[clipping to right of text]
LIFE OF GRINDSTONE BRIEF
Injured by Exposure to the Sun and
Rain, Says Expert
"Most persons," said the hardware
drummer, "have the idea that if there is
one thing in life a man doesn't have
to buy twice it is a grindstone. The fact
is that they are among the best sellers
we have.
"The life of a grindstone is not very
long. From two to three years on a farm
and from a year to a year and a half
in a blacksmith shop put most of them
to the bad. It sometimes happens if
a man draws a poor stone that it will be
out of service inside of six months.
"There are a good many things about
a grindstone that most persons don't
know. For instance, a mistake most
farmers make is in leaving the stone un-
covered. When I was a boy the usual
place for the grindstone was out by the
orchard, where it would be handy for the
men in the fields. The wise man nowa-
days houses his grindstone.
"Let a good, drenching rain come along
and the stone will absorb a lot of moist-
ure. Often it never becomes wholly dry
again.
"Some people have the idea that letting
the sun shine on a moisture-laden stone
will bring it out all right. Usually the
sun has a damaging effect. The defect
will not be noticeable for a time, but
the stone becomes soft and crumbles.
"Most of the grindstones used in this
country come from Ohio and Indiana.
Cleveland is the great center of the in-
dustry. Grindstones are made of a
quartzlike sandstone. Every grinding
leaves new points of the stone protruding
and they never, as a rule, wear perfectly
smooth.
"Another reason why a stone is cast
aside after a couple of years service is
tht it wears down considerably and too
many revolutions become necessary to
sharpen the tools. This wear is usually
most on the softest part of the stone
and it acquires a jiggly motion that is
not pleasant.
"There is practically no difference in
the quality of the stones turned out and
the difference in price, ranging for ordi-
nary ones from $5 to $7, is due to the
character of the frame and the quality
of the wood used. Many of the stones
sold to the big ranches and farmers are
equipped with power attachments to
be run by windmill force or gasoline en-
gine.
"The farmer is the best customeer for
grindstones. In later years the black-
smiths and machinists have pretty gen-
erally taken to the use of emery wheels.
These cost more, but they last a great
deal longer" -- Charleston News and Cou-
rier.
RIGHT PAGE
305
The Minnesota is of the intermediate
cargo and passenger type, and bruilt un-
der Lloyd's survey. She is 630 feet
long, 73 feet 6 inches wide, 56 feet high
to upper deck, 88 feet high to captain's
bridge, 177 feet high to top of mast, is
rigged as a four-masted schooner, with
pole masts, and has five continuous
decks, named as follows: Orlop, lower,
'tween, main and upper, all plated with
steel. The four decks which are not
continusous are the forecastle, promenade,
bridge and boat decks, and on top of all
comes the captain's navigation bridge,
making nine decks in all. The stem,
sternpost, rudder and struts for shafts
are of cast steel.
The vessel is divided transversely into
thirteen water-tight compartments, the
engine and boiler rooms being divided
longitudinally by a water-tight bulkhead,
makes four water-tight machinery com-
partments. The double bottom is six
feet deep and extends across the whole
bottom of the vessel. This space can
hold about 4000 tons of water ballast
whenever required and is divided into
twenty-eightwater tight compartments.
In addition to the above, water tanks are
located in the 'tween deck, one on each
side of the centre; two of these tanks
are fitted forward of machinery and
two abaft, and contain in all over 1000
tons of water. Altogether this hull is di-
vided into forty-six water-tight compart-
ments.
An emergency drain is fitted so that if
any compartment is disabled the water
can be taken care of by pumps at a rate
of 25000 gallons per minute; this is
equal to the quantity of water which
would flow through a hole in the side of
the ship seventeen square feet in area.
The space occupied by machinery is
the smallest practicable, so that space
for cargo may be as large as possible.
In order that cargo may be readily
stowed the ordinary type of hold pillar
has been dispensed with, and large box-
shaped columns are fitted, supporting
heavy girders, which run longitudinally
underthe traverse beams which carry
the decks. These columns are widely
spaced, and in some cases only one is
fitted in a hold, whereas by older meth-
ods ten pillars would be required. The
total cargo capacity is about 30,000
tons; the holds are arranged so that
longest rail irons may be stowed. A long-
itudinal bulkhead is fitted the whole
length of the ship; this divides each hold in-
to two separate compartments and
therefore the hatches are fitted in pairs,
one to each hold. Some of the hatches
are so large that bulky freight such as
a locomotive or a feight car, or large
marine or land boiler, can be lowered
right down into the hold.
The cargo handling device on this ves-
sel is very complete and designed so as
to cut down number of men to a mini-
mum. Two winches and two booms are
fitted to handle cargo at each hatch.
The booms, thirty-four in number, are
built of steel. Two heavy booms are
fitted to lift weights from thirty to fifty
tons. The winches for cargo handling
are thirty-four in number, all electrically operated.
WAR NAMES OF THE ORIENT
The following key to the pronunciation
of Japanese, Chinese and Korean geo-
graphical names was prepared by Ha-
Jime Ota, the Japanese world's fair com-
missioner. Japanese geographical names
are pronounced by Japanese with little
accent, as a rule. The vowels are spo-
ken broadly -- "a" as "at," "e" as long
"e," "i" as short "e," "o" generally as
"o," but sometimes as "aw," and "u"
as "oo."
There is ittle slurring of syllables;
the divisions are distinct, and as a rule
both the finall letter of a syllable and
the first letter of the following one re-
tain their distinct prounciation.
This leads Americans frequently to
suppose that another sound has been in-
troduced between the syllables. Take
the name "Tokio" It is pronounced
"Tokyo" -- the "o" in the first syllable
and the "k" in the second being given
such individual pronunciation that when
spoken rapidly it sounds to the unaccus-
tomed ear much like the "Toa-kyoh."
"F" is not spoken distinctly when it
begins the first syllable and is followed
by "u" as in Fukuoko. This word is
pronounced "Foo-kwoo-o-kah," the sound
being much as though it were "fKwoo-
o-kah."
Here are some of the Japanese names
most frequently met with in the war
news
Tokio -- Toa-kyoh
Nagasaki -- Nah-gah-sah-kee
Hakodate -- Hah-ko-dah-teh
Kagoshima -- Kah-go-she-mah, a slight
accent on the last syllable
Shimonoseko -- She-mon-o-say-kee
Fukuoko -- fKwoo-o-kah
Sasebo -- Sah-say-bo
Hiroshima -- sHe-ro-she-mah (the af-
fix "shima" frequently found in Japanese
names, signifies "island." Thus "sHe-
ro-island"
Tokushima -- To-koo-she-ma, "to" as
"tow" in "towboat"
Takoaka -- Tah-kah-oh-ka
Nanao -- Nah-na-oh
Tsuruga -- Tsu-roo-gah
Niigata -- Nzhe-zhe-gah-tah, the double
"i" taking the sound of "zhe-zhe." The
word has a slight accent on the third
syllable
Fukyyama -- Fkvah-mah; slight accent
on the first syllable
Sakata -- Sah-ka-tah
Ishikari -- Eesh-ekah-rey (a bay)
Osaka -- Oh-sah-kah
Shikoku -- She-ko-koo
Kiushu -- Kyu-shoo, the first "u" given
its full sound.
In many respects Korean and Chinese
names are pronounced after the same
rules as Japanese, although many have
a decided accent on the final syllable.
Among them are:
Yalu -- Yah-loo, river dividing Korea
and Manchuria
Chemulpo -- Chee-mweel-po, accented
on the second syllable
Masampho -- Mah-sahm-po, accented on
second syllable
Mokpo -- Mok-po, accent on first sylla-
ble, the "k" being sounded much like the
"ch" in the German "ach"
Chefu -- Chee-foo, accent on last sylla-
ble, as in the following instancesL
Wiju -- Wee-zhoo
Yongampo -- Yong-ahm-po, the "ng"
being sounded as it is in French.
Haiji -- Wah-eh-zhee, the first two
syllables being practically only one
Seoul -- Sool
Fusan -- Foo-sahn
Wonson -- Wohn-sohn
Songehin -- Sohn-cheen
Chinnampo -- Cheen-nahm-po
Yang-Yang -- Yahng-Yahng
Koseing -- Ko-seng
Samchok -- Sahm-chalk
Chungju -- Chwang-zhu, "ju" signifying
"ville" as "Chung-ville"
Tientsin -- Tain-shen
Tailenwan -- Tah-leen-wahn
Chingwangtao -- Sheen-wahn-tau
Weihaiwei -- Wee-high-way
Kiaochau -- Kwaw-chaw
Pechili -- Pee-chee-lee
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