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314
[left column, three clippings plus one date]
ELECTRIC TERMS
They Are Simple Enough Once You
Get the Hang of Them
A consulting electrical engineer who
was asked to put one of the less common
electrical terms in plain language said:
"I am frequently resorted to for just such
explanations, and nothing surprises me
more than the haziness which still exists
in the minds of even intelligent folks in
regard to the simplest electrical terms. To
most people the electrical units are still
mere Greek, and comparatively few go to
the trouble to take hold of the more com-
mon of them, such as 'volt,' 'ampere,'
'resistance,' 'electro motive force,' etc.,
and fix their meaning once for all in the
mind. A man who knows me only by
repoutation wrote to me the other day that
he had done this with much satisfaction
to himself, as he has now a far more in-
telligent idea of electrical doings than he
had before. But still, he said, from time
to time some electrical words creep into
the daily press which convey nothing to
him. He mentioned as one of these the
term 'watt hour.'
"Now, this is quite simple. The watt
is the unit of electric power. It means
the power developed when 44.25 foot
pounds of work are done per minute, or
.7375 foot pounds per second. A foot pound
is the amount of work required to raise
one pound vertically through a distance of
one foot. When this is figured down so as
to be defined in horsepower, which is un-
derstood by every one, it can offer no diffi-
culty, and if any one to whom the word
watt is puzzling will remember that a
watt is the one-seven-hundred-and-forty-
sixth of a horsepower he will have no more
uncertainty about it. Having got so far
it is an easy gradation to the 'watt hour,'
which is the term employed to indicate
the expenditure of an electrical power of
one watt for an hour. In other words, the
energy represented by a watt hour is equal
to that expended in raising a pound to a
height of 2,654 feet. An even easier way
of fixing it tis to remember that two watt
hours correspond almost edactly to raising
a pound to a height of one mile.
"The understanding of such terms
opens out some very curious facts to the
uninitiated. For instance, a certain dry
battery, weighing 6.38 pounds was known
to yield 130 watt hours. If this force were
applied to raising the battery itself, it
would lift it to a height of over ten miles.
"Again, in one hour the energy translat-
ed in an ordinary 16 candle power lamp
weighing about an ounce would raise that
lamp to a height of 400 miles at a velocity
of nearly seven miles per minute. Yes,
it pays a man to expend a little pains on
mastering the ordinary electrical terms."
- St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
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MARCH 15, 1903.
---
Florence Nightingale, the heroine of the
Crimean war, the woman whose self-sacri-
ficing generosity was the inspiration for the
foundation of the Red Cross Society is liv-
ing at a ripe old age in London. She was
visited by the King and Queen the other day
when they inspected Woolwich Hospital.
Florence Nightingale's name is known by
all newspaper readers the world over. Most
of them, I fancy, imagine she is dead. In-
stead, though feeble, her mind is as active
as ever. She is the mother of the modern
trained nurse. Her services for the wound-
ed and disease-ridden soldiers at the Crimea
will be an inspiration to noble-minded
women for all time. She battled with fever
and disease and won the tardy British Gov-
ernment of the day to a realization of their
barbarity in neglecting to provide doctors
and nurses for a huge army in the field.
She is spending the last days of her life
in retirement. When she is laid away her
funeral will be an occasion for greater grief
than that of a sovereign.
---
TO KEEP AWAY MOSQUITOES
Boston Transcript,
One ounce of oil of cedar, two ounces
of oil of citronella and two ounces of
spirits of camphor.
A very few drops of this preparation,
it is said, will keep the pest away all
night.
---
[middle column, three clippings plus one date]
THE COST OF A WAR
What will the war cost? Russia's
£1,120,000 a day. Her peace expendi-
ture on her navy is £8,000,000 a year,
which sum bay be multiplied indefi-
nitely for war time. The sum mention-
ed for the army refers, of course, to mere
maintenance, and is liable to infinite ex-
tension. War prices and peace rates
are as different as famine and plenty.
In the Crimea food rose from ten to
twenty-five times its normal rate; fodder
was up to 16 1/2 times ordinary price;
milk, grain and wood, five to nine times;
transport was from five to seven and a
half times its ordinary rate.
Possible cost can be estimated only
from past experience. The Boer war
was a trivial matter in comparison with
some. The United States incurred £1,-
000,000,000 direct outlay over her civil
war, or about ten times as much as would
have paid £40 per head for every slave
freed. The Russian-Austrian wr neces-
sitated an outlay of £66,000,000; while
the Franco-Prussian cost France £506,
680,000 -- just half of the total loss in-
curred. The Crimea, in direct outgoings
was responsible for £340,000,000, of
which Russia bore about half. The Rus-
so-Turkish war cost Russia £161,000,-
000; the Shleswig-Holdein difficulty
heightened exchequers to the extent of
£15,000,000--London Evening News
---
Old Warships Under Hammer
Well Known Sloops-of war Familiar
on the Coast Are Sold
1904 [handwritten]
Nationalities in British Army Shows
Suprising Proportion of Irishmen.
London, April 16--The sloop Icarus
which spent a considerable portion of
her latter commissioned days on the
Pacific station, was put up the other
day at Chatham by public auction, and
sold at £3,900. The sloop Daphne, which
was formerly also a familiar figure in
Pacific waters, was knocked down for
£4,050.
---
JUNE 30, 1904
---
BALTIC'S MAIDEN VOYAGE
Great Liner Soon to Begin First Run
Across Atlantic
Local marine men are much interest-
ed in the maiden voyage of the great
steamship Baltic, which is scheduled to
arrive in New York from Liberpool
July 7th.
The Baltic, one of the largest vessels
in the world, recently arrived at Liver-
pool from the yards of her builders
Harland & [and] Wolff, Belfast, Ireland. She
registers 24,000 tons, having a cargo ca-
pacity of 28,000. She is 726 feet in
length, twenty-siz longer than the Ced-
ric and Celtic, two monster craft at
present operated by the White Star
line which owns the Baltic. She has
accommodations for 3,000 passengers at
the same time quartering a crew of 350.
Leiut. [Leiutennant] E.J. Smith, R.N.R., former-
ly master of the Majestic, has been
appointed to the command of the Baltic.
The vessel will be bly regularly be-
tween New York and Liverpool.
[right column, one clipping]
COMPASS DISTURBANCES
In discussing the causes of shipwrecks,
it has often been suggested that the
compasses of ships could be affected by
the attraction of magnetic rocks on the
unsuspectingly diverted from their cor-
rect course. Capt. [captain] E.W. Creak, in his
presidential address to the geographical
section of the British Association, re-
gards theis explanation of wrecks as "a
fond thing vainly invented." Many cases
of local magnetic disturbances are
known to exist but they are limited to
small areas, and none have been found
of sufficient influence on land to ac-
count for shipwrecks. But as local dis-
turbances of the compass occur on dry
land, it is not a matter of surprise that
similar effects may be produced by land
under the sea. Considerable disturb-
ance of the compasses of ships have
been found in certain localities in depths
of water sufficient to float the largest
ironclad.
Captain Creak refers to a remarkable
area of this kind which exists off Cos-
sack, northwest Australia. This "mag-
netic shoal," as he terms it, is three and
a half miles long by two miles broad,
and has not less than eight fathoms of
water above it. A deflection of fifty-
six degrees was found over one part of
this shoal, and this at a distance of
more than two miles from the nearest
land. It appears, therefore, that though
magnetic anomalies on land cannot be
held responsible for compass disturb-
ances which lead to shipwreck, magnetic
rocks under water may be sources of
disturbance. -- Leisure Hour.
RIGHT PAGE
315
[left column, diagram of torpedo clipping, pasted in sideways]
THE SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1904
[image of torpedo with following items labeled:]
Gun Cotton, Charge, Air Chamber, Immersion Chamber,
Engine, Propeller, Rudder
WHITEHEAD TORPEDO, DESTRUCTIVE ENGINE USED BY JAPANESE
TO SINK RUSSIAN SHIPS
[middle column, three clippings plus two dates]
RADIUM AND ITS VALUE
M. Curie Lectures on the Properties
of New Discovery
PARIS, March 17.-- M. Curie's promised
lecture on radium, which was discovered
by himself and his talended wife, and se-
cured for them this year a Nobel prize,
drew vast crowds to the Sorbonne. Al-
though the hall in which the now world-
famed chemist was to speak is built to
seat 3,000 persons, numbers who had stood
for hours at the door in the Rue des
Roles were finally turned away, every
corner available being occupied by a
deeply interested crowd.
When the lecturer and Mme. Curie ap-
peared on the platform they received a
magnificent ovation, and every word M.
Curie spoke was followed with the closest
attention. His account of the work done
by M. Becquerel upon uranium, which
formed the starting point for his own
and Mme. Curie's experiments, was very
closely followed, and his lecture was illus-
trated by tests of the properties of the
newly discovered metal which is destined
to revolutionize the science of chemistry.
In one series of experiments M. Curie
demonstrated that radium emits three
sorts of rays, two of which give off such
powerful electric emanations that they
cause phosphorescence and produce per-
petual motion. Then plunging a tube of
radium into liquid air, M. Curie demon-
strated in the darkness of the hall that
it was a light-radiating body, and that it
also gave out heat.
Taking into consideration the deeply
scientific and necessarily technical nature
of the submect, Paris is probably the only
city in the world where so large and so
representative an audience could be col-
lected for a lecture of the kind.
It was curious to notice the intelligent
interest taken by the humbler ranks of
the Paris polulation in the great dis-
covery of M. Curie when a few weeks ago
a small atom of radium was exhibited
upon the boulevards. Even the artisans
on their way to their work stopped to in-
spect and discuss it.
---
JANUARY 14, 1904
---
COASTING DEFINED
Notice Given by Department of Marine
and Fisheries on this Important
Matter.
Notice is given by the department of
marine and fisheries that on and after
January 1st, 1904, the limits of a coasting
voyage will include a voyage between any
port or place on the easter coast of Can-
ada nd any other port or place on such
coast, or in Newfoundland, Labrador, St.
Pierre or Miquelon, or on the eastern coast
of the United States not further south
than Cape Hatteras, in the state of North
Carolina, and also includes a voyage be-
tween any port or place on the western
coast of Canada and any other port or
place on such coast, or on the western
coast of the United States not further
south than the harbor of Portland, in the
state of Oregon, and not further north than
Cape Spencer, in the Territory of Alaska,
or any inlet or bay haing its entrance on
the eastern side of such cape. New coast-
ing certificates will on and anfter that date
be issued to masters and mates of coast-
ing vessels, such certificates differing only
in color from those formerly issued, the
face of the new certificates will be printed
in green and brown instead of red and
blue as heretofore. But such new regula-
tions will in no way interfere with the
right or privilege of any master or mate
who obtained his certificate prior to 1st
January, 1904.
---
NOVEMBER 22, 1903
---
A NEW LEVIATHAN
Largest Steamer in the World Floated
at Belfast Yesterday
Belfast, Nov. 21--The White Star
line steamer Baltic, the largest steamer
in the world, was successfully launched
here this morning in the teeth of a se-
vere gale. Her displacement is 39,800
tons.
---
[right column, one clipping pasted sideways]
HOW SEABIRDS DRINK
The means by which seabirds
quench their thirst when far out at sea
is described by an old skipper, who
tells how he has seen birds at sea, far
from any land that could furnish them
water, hovering around and under a
storm cloud, chattering like ducks on a
hot day in a pond and drinking in the
drops of rain as they fell. They will
smell a rain squall 100 miles distant, or
even farther on, and scud for it with
almost inconceivable swiftness.
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