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316
[left column, two clippings plus one date]
Imitation of Marble. --G.F.C.--1. An
imitation of marble for plastic orna-
ments and picture frames is made in
the following manner: Boil 1 1/4 pounds
of good glue into a thick solution, stir
into it ten ounces of rosin or still bet-
ter, Venetian turpentine. Mix finely
ground mineral colour in a dry state,
with powdered French chalk to the
colour of the marble to be imitated,
and stir enough of it into the above
glue solution to make a stiff paste, and
then add a few drops of pure olive oil.
Press the mass in stone or gypsum
moulds, or roll into thin plates. Cut
the plates to the desired patterns, glue
them on, and allow them to dry. The
mass becomes as hard as stone. Imi-
tations of marble of two or more col-
ours can be produced by mixing dif-
ferent coloured compositions together.
2. The decoration of painted surfaces
to imitate marble is accomplished in a
very similar manner to the graining
in imitation of wood, a study of the
natural appearance of marble being
the only way to acquire a knowledge
of the best ways of imitating them.
Green marble is frequently copied, and
an imitation of this is done as follows:
The ground is white lead, some yellow
and blue. When dry it is pumiced and
lightly glazed with oil varnish a shade
darker than the ground. The patches
are then dabbed in with some black
and Paris yellow; the veins are paint-
ed white, and the whole softened by
a peculiar mode of handling the badger
hair brush, called by painters "scum-
bling." 3. Marbelizing slate is done
by the following process: the slate is
first coated with asphalt, ground to a
smooth surface and baked. The paints
are mixed in oil and floated on water,
the prepared slate being brought into
contact with the under surface of the
paint by by bringing it up through the
water. The paint thus adheres in ir-
regular patches, producing the marble-
ization. After drying it is again bak-
ed. 4. The marbleization of glass is a
difficult process, and too lengthy to
describe here. 5. Marbling the edges of
books is done by sprinkling the edges
of the leaves with a brush made of
hogs bristles, the brush being held in
one hand and the bristles moved with
the other. Another plan is to tightly
stretch either plain or figured mull in
a wooden frame and place the edge of
the book upon it, to quickly draw the
brush over the mull or sprinkle the
colour in the above manner whereby
the places protected by the threads of
the mull remain white.
---
June 20, 1904
---
THE ATLANTIC PASSAGE
The Kaiser Willhelm II Crossed Ocean
In 5 Days 12 hours and 50
Minutes.
(Associated Press)
London, June 20. Capt. [Captain] Hogemann,
commander of the North German Lloyd
steamer Kaiser Wilhemlm II, from New
York for Plymouth, Cherbourg, and Bre-
men, in a message by wireless telegraph
off the Lizards yesterday, says: "All
records broken."
Plymouth, Eng., June 20--The aver-
age speed of the North German Lloyd
line steamer Kaiser Wilhelm II., which
arrived here at 1.57 this morning, 3,112
miles from Sandy Hook lightship to
Eddystone lighthouse, was 23.58 knots
per hour as compared with the 23.51
knots of the Deutshland, of the Ham-
burg-American line. While the latter's
total time over the long distance route
is still 53 minutes shorter than the time
just occupied by the Kaiser Wilhelm
II, she actually did not travel fast be-
cause she ran only 3,082 miles, thirty
less than the Kaiser Wilhelm II, which
was fitted with larger propeller blades
prior to leaving Germany on her last
westward trip. The Kaiser Wilhelm II
made her best day's running on June
18th, when she covered 564 miles. The
Kaiser Wilhelm II covered the long
route in five days, twelve hours and fifty
minutes. The record for the quickest
passage from New York to Plymouth by
the shortest route, five days, seven hours
and theirty-eight minutes is held by the
steamer Deutchland.
[middle column, two clippings]
FOR LANDLUBBERS
Things That Water-Babies Know But
Landsmen Don't
To tell a person not to make the
sheet fast would be to teach him the
most elelmentary rudiment of boat-sail-
ing, but it is equally necessary to avoid
running before the wind and courting
disaster by a sudden jibe, besides
which the wind has not the same ef-
fect on the sail that it has when
brought on the quarter. If the sea is
very heavy it is fatal to run before it,
as the boat would be certain to broach
to, for the rudder has little or no power
when the bat is being carried along
on the crest of a wave. In the circum-
stances, the best plan is to ride to a sea
anchor, which may be made by utilis-
ing the mast, the oars and sail. When
making for a lee shore, on which the
surf is breaking, a square-sterned boat
should be backed in, or the anchor
dropped and the cable veered away.
When boating, either professionally or
for pleasure, in harbors where the surf
sometimes breaks on shallow patches,
take the precaution to avoid these dan-
gers, and if unfortunate enough to be
capsized on them, stick to the boat.
The writer remembers a surveying boat
being upset in such a manner; the crew
clung to the boat and were eventually
washed ashore, none the worse for
their ducking, but the officer who en-
deavored to swim was soon exhausted
and drowned.
---
HOME MADE BAROMETER
Simple and Cheap Contrivance by
Which Anybody Can Weigh Air.
There is one atmospheric phenomenon
about which there is a wide misconcep-
tion. When the smoke lies close to the
surface of the earth, instead of moving
upward, as it generally does, many peo-
ple think it is because the air is heavy.
The same people will tell you, perhaps,
that damp air is heavier than dry air,
for it is on days that the air is damp
that the smoke lies close to the earth.
On the contrary, damp air is lighter than
dry air, and it is because the air is
damp that the smoke does not ascend
It is purely a question of gravity, of
weight. If the lower stratum of air is
heavier than the smoke the latter will
go up; if it be lighter than the smoke
the smoke will not go up so readily.
The barometer is the instrument used
by the scientists to determine the rela-
tive weight of the air. As usually made,
it consists of a cup of mercury, with
which is connected a graduated glass
tube. From the upper part of this tube
the air has been exhausted, thus forming
a vacuum and the height of the column
of mercury in the tube denotes the
weight of the atmosphere.
The explanation of this is quite simple.
The pressure of the atmosphere upon the
mercury in the cup forces the mercury
up into the tube, where it meets no resis-
tance because of the empty part of the
tube is a vacuum. hence the column of
mercury will rise or gall in the tube as
the pressure is greater or less.
Everybody is familiar enough with
weather reports to know that we have
"high barometer" on clear, dry days
and "low barometer" on damp days;
that the first indicates good weather
and the last stormy weather. But
"high barometer" means that the col-
umn of mercury is well up in the tube,
and "low barometer" that it is down.
We know therefore that as dry air
bears down more heavily upon the mer-
cury in the cup than damp air, it must
be heavier than damp air. A very sim-
ple and serviceable barometer may be
made at home, without cost. The only
things needed are a wide mouthed glass
jar--a pickle bottle will do--a clean Ve-
netian oil flask, and half a pint of
plain water. Pour the water into the
jar, letting it come to within one-third
of the top, and insert the oil flask upside
down in the jar, so that the neck of the
flask will just enter the water. That is
all.
If the atmospheric conditions are fav-
orable to clear, fine weather, the water
will rise in the flask; if on the other
hand a storm is in prospect, the water
will fall. The air affects the water just
as it does the mercury in the tube--
Philadelphia Times.
[right column, three clippings plus one date]
JUNE 19, 1904
---
An Impenetrable Breastplate
Experiments have recently been made
here with a new breast-plate which is im-
penetrable to revolver bullets and resists
steel. The breast-plate which is the in-
vention of an Italian subject named
Giorgiamo, is made of a soft, elastic ma-
terial, and is about a centimetre (.0393
inches) thick weighing four pounds. Ex-
periments with the breast-plate were com-
menced by shots being fired at eight
planks, each an inch thick, and placed one
on top of the other. The shots pene-
trated every one. Next a sheet of steel,
two inches in thickness, was set up and
likewise pierced by the shots. Bullets,
however, that were fired at the breast-
plate remained in it and were flattened
without penetrating or even denting the
inner surface. For the first experiment a
Russian cavalry revolver of long range,
of the Nirwan pattern, was used, while
for the second a heavy American revol-
ver of long range was tried, first with a
dynamite cartridge and afterwards with
a Dum-dum bullet. Not only ordinary
bullets, but even explosive bullets re-
mained in the breast-plate without dam-
aging it. The third experiment was made
with a steel bayonet and Circassian dag-
ger, and sword of Damascus steel. The
bayonet and dagger broke without cut-
ting the breast-plate, while the sabre
simply made a dent on the outside of the
fabric.
The experiments, which were carried out
in the presence of high court and police
officials and functionaries from the im-
perial palace and the dendarmery, will
be shortly renewed in the presence of the
emperor, who was deeply interested in
the report presended to him by Gen. [General]
Hesse, commander of the imperial resi-
dences and aide-de-camp to the czar.
Afterwards experiments will be conduct-
ed before a mixed army and navy com-
misson, as the government wishes to
purchase this invention, which has never
appeared before, and is superior to simi-
lar breast-plates formerly produced. The
inventor is just finishing the model for
another breast-plate impenetrable to re-
volver and rifle bullets and is studying a
composition based on the same principle
for plating to be applied to ships and
military entrenchments.
English readers who remember the
somewhat similar exhibitions which wer
given in London five or six years ago
will receive the account of this marvel-
ous breast-plate with reserve. As Sir
Hiram Maxim once demonstrated, there
is no known material of equal lightness
which is impenetrable to rifle fire
than steel.--London Daily Graphic
---
WHEN DIAMONDS EXPLODE
Westminster Gazette.
Sir William Crookes delivered a fas-
cinating and daring lecture upon the
glittering topic of diamonds at Kimber-
ly recently. It was a fascinating sub-
ject naturally for the dwellers in the
Diamond City; it was daring because
it suggested the possibility of the pre-
cious crystals being precipitated or pro-
duced in some other way than by dig-
ging them out of the blue clay. Sir Wil-
liam actually showed some manufac-
tured diamonds, but the Kimberley mag-
nates must have been relieved to find
that the manufactured articles are too
small to compete with the Kimberley
monopoly. But there were other inter-
esting suggestions made which may have
made some of Sir William Crookes' audi-
ence a litte uneasy. One was that dia-
monds have been known in Arizona to
fall from the skies in sort of meteoric
shower. True, this is a freak of nature
and not a normal occurence. Certainly,
if it were at all usual, people in that part
of the world would provide themselves
with inverted umbrellas. There was one
other suggestion, however, of a some-
what appalling kind--that diamonds may
be produced by explosions of cordite un-
der certain conditions. We hope not, for
it suggests the horrible idea of wars be-
ing got up by diamond magnates with
the natural accompaniment of the tax-
payers paying for the cordite and the
magnates picing up the resulting dia-
monds. It was an interesting and pecu-
liarly apposite lecture. It was instruct-
ive, too, for perhaps few of us knew
that diamonds can explode. If the Kor-i-
Noor, for instance, went off in this way
it would be a case of "Bang goes"--a
good deal more than "saxpence"
---
18. To make Japanese Cement. well mix
the best powdered rice with a little cold
water, then gradually add boiling water
until a proper consistency is acquired,
being particularly careful to keep it well
stirred all the time; lastly, it must be
boiled for one minuted in a clean sauce-
pan or earthen pipkin. This glue is
beautifully white and almost transpar-
ent, for which reason it is well adapted
for fancy paper work which requires a
strong and colorless cement.
RIGHT PAGE
317
[first clipping covers left and middle columns; second clipping is split across both columns]
JANUARY 31, 1904
CHICAGO SAM TO BE TRIED
FOR STEALING ELECTRICITY
[portrait of Chicago Sam and illustration of alleged theft, "dotted lines
represent wires strung by Chicago Sam. Heavy lines indicate company's
wires."]
On the decidedly novel charge of stealing electricity, Chicago Sam is in
the tolls of the law. He is to be tried for larceny in Justice George's
court Wednesday. This Oriental, who conducts a Chinese wash house at
1102 Madison street, kept the officials of the Seattle Electric Company
and Detective Sam Corbett guessing for two weeks, and while they pon-
dered lighted his laundry at the company's expense.
By a means, the ingenuity of which is tryly Asiatic, the laundry pro-
prietor appropriated electricity at will. Electric company employees won-
dered why it was that Sam's meter was at rest, while the work of the laun-
dry went merrily on beneath the bright light of a string of incandescents.
They investigated, but the investigation revealed nothing. When Sam was
interrogated, he smiled blandly and rubbed his hands as though in depre-
cation of the meter's failure to do its work.
Then Corbett was set to watch the place. After several hours' vigil,
in company with an expert electrician, the detective solved the mystery.
He saw Sam approach the meter, which was fastened to the wall of the
laundry just beside a window. The laundry proprietor worked for a mo-
ment then went away. The lights immediately flashed up.
The watchers hastened to enter the laundry. They found that the Chi-
nese had shut off the meter and short-circuted the current. In other
words, he had fastened to each of the wores entering the meter the end
of another wire. To each of the wires leaving the meter he had fastened
the other end. By this means the electricity was led around the record-
ing instrument.
Chicaco Sam told Corbett that a San Francisco Chinaman had taught
him the trick. He was arrested yesterday and deposited $50 bail.
---
A TROLLEY BOAT
Electricity has long been spoken of
as a source of motive power on canals
and many experiments have been un-
dertaken in different parts of the world
with that object in view. The Ger-
man engineers working along the line
however, produced something of a nov-
elty in the shape of a troly boat.
This boat is nothing less than a boat
built on the lines of the ordinary tow-
boar, but which is provided with pow-
erful electric motors instead of the
usual steam engines. The power for
these motors was obtained from two
overhead wires along the bank of the
canal by the aid of two trolley poles
similar to those in use on the many
electric roads now in existence, the
current being taken from one wire
through one of the poles to the motor
and thence back to the other wire
through the other pole. To enable the
boat to move independently of the
wires and to perform such manoeuvres
as would be necessary in crossing the
canal, and in turning about or in pass-
ing other boats, storage batteries are
made use of. These are so connected
that the current from them may be
brought into instant use by simply
changin a switch, and they are as
easily disconnected.
A special apparatus is made use of
whereby these batteries may be charg-
ed from the trolly wires without in
any way interfering with the work of
---
the motors, thus permitting these bat-
teries to be charged while the boat is
speeding along the canal.
In these esperiments, which were
carried on in the Tatlow Canal, near
Berlin, two trolly wires were used to
convey the current, the second wire
being necessary for the return current,
as the proximity of the Potsdam Mag-
netic Observatory forbade the use of
the ground or water for that purpose,
owing to the liability of disturbance to
the delicate instruments in use there.
At the same time and on the same
canal other engineers were testing an
electric locomotive for towing purposes,
the same wires being made use of by
the locomotive as were employed by
the boat.
---
16. To Remove Stains from Ivory --
Wash the ivory well with soap and water
and place it, while wet, in the sunshine.
Wash it several times in the same way
for two or three days, keeping it in the
sun, and it will soon become beautifully
white.
---
21. Cement for joining Glass and
Metal, and which is specially useful for
repairing lamps, is made by dissolving
alum in an old iron spoon over a strong
fire.
22. To Remove Putty--Putty that has
become hard can be rendered soft so as to
be easily removed by the application of
a hot iron to it. In this manner putty
can be taken off, where glass is broken,
without injuring the sash at all.
23. Glazier's putty is made as follows:
Whiting, thirty five pounds; boiled oil,
fifteen pounds; and one gallon of water.
Mix thoroughly and, if too thin, add
more whiting. Should the putty be too
thick, more oil is required.
24. To polish marble, dissolve six
ounces of pearlash in a wuart of boiling
water, add a quarter of a pound of white
wax, and simmer all together for half an
hour. Set it to cool, remove the wax
from the surface; work it into a soft
aste in a mortar with a little hot water,
and apply this to the marble.
---
[right column, four clippings]
CONCRETE PILES
Extensive improvements at the Wash-
ington (D.C.), barracks have called at-
tention to a system of concrete piling
which was there employed with marked
success and which promises to displace
for certain kinds of work, the wooden
piles which have been used so long.
The work on the Washington barracks
presented obstacles which could not be
overcome by the use of the ordinary
pile--obstacles due to the constanty
changing condition of the ground, which
was alternately wet and dry as a re-
sult of heavy and frequent rains.
These concrete piles are made by
driving an iron tube, of sufficient length
and size and provided with a suitable
point or cap, with the ordinary pile
driver; the tube is then withdrawn,
leaving the cap in the ground and the
hole is then filled with well rammed
concrete, when this sets the pile be-
comes literally a pillar of stone. The
caps used are slightly larger than the
tube, so as to facilitate the withdrawal
of the tube and at the same time act
as anchors for the piles.
When the earth is soft or marshy,
or when quicksand or water is encoun-
tered, the method is slightly altered,
and as the pipe is lifted out, concrete
is rammed home through the pipe. A
head of concrete is thus maintained
inside the pipe, while it is being grad-
ually withdrawn. In this manner, all
water is displaced, and the falling in
of the sides of the aperture is avoid-
ed.
For driving piles under water the
pipes are provided with an outer casing
of sheet iron. The tube and casing are
driven till firm soil is reached and the
the tube only is driven to the required
depth, it is then withdrawn, the con-
crete is next rammed in the desired
height, and the sheet iron covering may
or may not be removed, according as
the pile reaches only to the top of
the mud or rises into the water. The
covering acts as a coffer dam and
prevents the water and mud from fill-
ing the hole when the tube is with-
drawn. It is left on where the pile
is partly exposed to the water when
it renders possible the setting of the
concrete in the desired shape.
In soil that is alternately wet and
dry, these piles are obviously able to
provide a permanent foundation which
could not be secured by wooden piles.
---
Silver Plating Liquid--Reader--A
liquid by means of which articles of
brass, copper, etc. may be plated with
silver without the use of a battery, is
prepared thus: Dissolve one ounce
nitrate of silver in crystals in twelve
ounces of soft water, then add two
ounces of cyanide of potassium. Shake
the whole together and let it stand
till t becomes clear. Have ready
some half ounce bottles and fill them
half full of aris white or fine whiting,
and then fill them up with the liquid
and it is ready for use. The metal
to which it is applied must be perfectly
free from grease, otherwise it will not
hold. If the articles are at all greasy
they should be boiled in lye, then wash-
ed in pure water. In any case the
---
coating obtained with this liquid is
not as tenacious to the metal as when
deposited by means of a battery. This
liquid is very poisonous and should be
handled with great caution.
Cloth Cement--C.A.P.--A good ce-
ment for cloth is made as follows:
Cut up in small pieces 16 parts gutta
percha and 4 parts pure caoutchone,
add 2 parts pitch well broken up, 1 part
shellac and 2 parts linseed oil. Melt
all together and mix well. For fast-
ening cloth to iron rolls there is noth-
ing better than good glue, to which
has been added tannin until the glue
becomes ropy.
---
10. To Clean Gilt Articles--To clean
gilt picture frames, mix thoroughly, by
frequent shaking, a little soft soap (about
as much as will rest on a half dollar) with
half a pint of rain water, which should
be previously boiled. Add a wineglass-
ful of spirits of hartshorn and shake the
whole well up together. Apply the com-
pound carefully with a soft camel hair
brush, and, after allowing it to remain
a minute or two, wash it carefully away
with the free use of perfectly clean
water. Dry the frame either in the sun-
shine or in a draught.
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